On December 11, though they had no formal obligation to do so under the Tripartite Pact with Japan, Germany and Italy each declared war on the U.S., which responded with a declaration of war against Germany and Italy. The British government declared war on Japan immediately after learning that their territory had also been attacked, while the following day (December 8) the United States Congress declared war on Japan. Japan announced declarations of war on the United States and the British Empire later that day (December 8 in Tokyo), but the declarations were not delivered until the following day. Kazuo Sakamaki, the commanding officer of one of the submarines, was captured. Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 64 servicemen killed. Important base installations such as the power station, dry dock, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section) were not attacked. 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded. More than 180 US aircraft were destroyed. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer. All but USS Arizona were later raised, and six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war. Navy battleships present, all were damaged, with four sunk. The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft (including fighters, level and dive bombers, and torpedo bombers) in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Its aim was to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and those of the United States. Japan intended the attack as a preventive action. demand that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina. Anticipating a negative response from the US, Japan sent out its naval attack groups in November 1941 just prior to receiving the Hull note-the U.S. end its sanctions against Japan, cease aiding China in the Second Sino-Japanese war, allow Japan to access the resources of the Dutch East Indies, and more. and Japan over the future of the Pacific. The attack was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S.
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